What Are the Uses of Cables? 9 Essential Jobs Cables Do in Buildings, Networks and Industry
Cables are so common that they are easy to overlook. They run behind walls, above ceilings, under streets, across ocean floors, and even hold up bridges. So what are the uses of cables? In short, cables transmit electrical power, carry data and communications signals, control equipment, support safety and security systems, and in their mechanical form, carry physical loads.
Each job calls for a different kind of cable. The cable that powers an outlet is very different from the one that connects a Wi-Fi access point, and both are different from the steel cable that lifts an elevator. This guide covers the nine most important uses of cables, the cable types behind each one, and how they all come together inside a modern commercial building. For professional installation and guidance on selecting the right cables, businesses can rely on network cabling services in Carson, CA for their network infrastructure needs.
Table of contents
- The short answer
- What is a cable?
- Use 1: Transmitting and distributing power
- Use 2: Networking and data transfer
- Use 3: Telecommunications and the internet
- Use 4: Audio, video and broadcast
- Use 5: Control and instrumentation
- Use 6: Life safety and security
- Use 7: Delivering power and data together
- Use 8: Vehicles, aircraft and industry
- Use 9: Mechanical support and lifting
- How cables come together in a commercial building
- How to choose the right cable
- Common mistakes and misconceptions
- Future trends
- Key takeaways
- FAQ
The Short Answer: What Are the Uses of Cables?
| Use | What the cable does | Common cable types |
|---|---|---|
| Power | Delivers electricity | Power cable, building wire, flexible cords, MV/HV cable |
| Networking | Moves data between devices | Ethernet (Cat6, Cat6A), fiber |
| Telecommunications | Connects buildings, cities and countries | Fiber, coax, submarine cable |
| Audio and video | Carries sound and picture signals | Coax, HDMI, HDBaseT over category cable, audio cable |
| Control | Operates equipment and sensors | Shielded control and instrumentation cable |
| Life safety and security | Runs fire alarms, cameras and door access | Fire alarm cable, access control cable, Ethernet |
| Power plus data | Powers and connects devices at once | Ethernet with PoE, USB |
| Transportation and industry | Links systems in vehicles, plants and aircraft | Industrial Ethernet, control cable, harnesses |
| Mechanical | Supports and moves loads | Steel wire rope |
What Is a Cable?
The word “cable” covers more than most people realize. One building reference defines it broadly: a cable is a line made of rope, chain or wire that has different functions according to the application it is used for. It can either tie together two points or simply connect them, as in electricity conveyance or data transmission, and can be loadbearing or non-loadbearing. Understanding the three types of wires can help you determine which option is best suited for a particular network or electrical application.
Electrical and communication cables share a basic structure: a conductor, insulation, and a protective jacket. We explain those layers in our guide to [the three main parts of a cable](INTERNAL LINK). Mechanical cables are different. They are built from twisted steel wires designed to carry weight rather than electricity.
Use 1: Transmitting and Distributing Power
The most familiar use of cables is carrying electricity from where it is generated to where it is used. Transmission/power cables convey current (electricity cables) and usually comprise one or more wires (sometimes intertwined) that are sheathed with PVC or other insulating material.
Power cables work at every scale:
- Transmission and distribution: High- and medium-voltage cables move bulk power underground and between substations.
- Building wiring: Branch-circuit cable feeds outlets, lighting, and equipment.
- Flexible cords: Appliance cords and extension cords connect movable equipment to fixed wiring.
The design of each power cable depends on its job. The construction and material are determined by three main factors: working voltage, determining the thickness of the insulation; current-carrying capacity, determining the cross-sectional size of the conductor(s); and environmental conditions such as temperature, water, chemical or sunlight exposure, and mechanical impact.
Use 2: Networking and Data Transfer
Cables are the backbone of every business network. Twisted pair Ethernet connects computers, phones, printers, Wi-Fi access points, and cameras to switches, while fiber links network closets and buildings. Most wired network infrastructures utilize Category 5 or Category 6 twisted pair cabling with RJ45 compatible terminations.
Shorter data cables connect devices directly. USB and Thunderbolt link phones, drives, docks, and displays to computers over a few meters, while Ethernet handles distances up to 100 meters per link. Because network infrastructure can require different cable options, learning about the different types of network cables can help with selecting the right cable for each application.
Use 3: Telecommunications and the Internet
Beyond a single building, cables connect cities, countries, and continents. Carriers use fiber and coaxial cable to deliver internet and phone service, and undersea fiber cables link the world.
The scale is enormous. TeleGeography reports that as of 2026, we track more than 600 active and planned submarine cables and that as of early 2026, we believe there are over 1.5 million kilometers of submarine cables in service globally. These cables rely on fiber optics. Modern submarine cables use fiber-optic technology. Lasers on one end fire at extremely rapid rates down thin glass fibers to receptors at the other end of the cable.
Key stat: More than 1.5 million kilometers of submarine cable carry global internet and data traffic, according to TeleGeography.
Use 4: Audio, Video and Broadcast
Cables carry sound and pictures for entertainment, conferencing, security, and broadcasting.
- Coaxial cable distributes TV and broadband signals and connects older security cameras.
- Balanced audio cable connects microphones and professional sound systems. Balanced connections typically use shielded twisted-pair cable and three-conductor connectors.
- HDBaseT over category cable sends high-definition video long distances. HDBaseT works by using a twisted pair of cables (like Cat 5e or Cat 6) to transmit video, audio, and other signals over long distances—up to 100 meters.
In conference rooms, classrooms, and retail spaces, AV systems increasingly share the same category cabling as the data network.
Use 5: Control and Instrumentation
Cables tell equipment what to do and report back what is happening. Control and instrumentation cables connect thermostats, sensors, controllers, motors, and industrial machines.
In buildings, these cables run heating, cooling, and automation systems. Manufacturers offer three-conductor plenum cable for thermostat and control lines that require an additional return or reference. In industry, flexible control cables connect production equipment. One supplier describes control cable for instrumentation and control equipment, for tooling machinery production lines, and in flexible applications for free movement.
Building automation networks also use specialized cable. RS‑485 is a balanced, differential serial bus that supports multi‑drop networks over longer distances, typically using one twisted pair (often with an overall shield). For more on these cables, see our guide to [what 3 core cables are used for](INTERNAL LINK).
Use 6: Life Safety and Security
Some of the most important cables in a building protect people and property.
Fire alarm systems
Fire alarm systems use dedicated, fire-rated cable. Like communications cable, fire alarm cable follows a rating hierarchy. The same hierarchy applies to power-limited cables (CL2P > CL2R > CL2 and CL3P > CL3R > CL3) and fire alarm cables (FPLP > FPLR > FPL).
Security cameras
Most modern security cameras connect and draw power over Ethernet cable. PoE is widely used in surveillance systems to power IP cameras, allowing for easy installation in locations without nearby power sources.
Access control
Card readers, electric locks, door contacts, and exit sensors rely on specialized cable. One composite access control cable includes four components that are required for card reader/keypad, door contact, request to exit and lock power.
Key point: Life safety and security cabling often has its own code requirements, fire ratings, and licensing rules. It should be designed and installed by qualified professionals.
Use 7: Delivering Power and Data Together
A growing use of cables is carrying both power and data over one connection. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is the leading example. PoE power is used to run a wide variety of networked devices, including IP clocks, VoIP phones, surveillance cameras, access control panels, wireless access points (WAPs), point-of-sale machines, laptops, and digital displays.
USB-C does something similar for personal devices, charging laptops and phones while transferring data. This combination reduces the number of cables and outlets needed, especially for ceiling-mounted and hard-to-reach devices.
Use 8: Vehicles, Aircraft and Industry
Cables are essential inside machines too. Cars, trucks, aircraft, trains, and factory equipment contain extensive wiring harnesses for power, sensors, and communications. Ethernet has expanded into these areas. The IEEE notes it is increasingly chosen as the underlying wired transport for metropolitan area networks, as well as automotive and industrial automation applications.
Industrial facilities also use cables to connect robots, conveyors, sensors, and control panels. These cables are often built to resist oil, heat, vibration, and constant movement.
Use 9: Mechanical Support and Lifting
Not all cables carry electricity. Steel cables, also called wire rope, carry physical loads. The IEEE describes mechanical cables as flexible tension members constructed from metal wires twisted into strands and then laid around a central core to transmit pulling forces, motion, or mechanical power between components.
Mechanical cables have many uses:
- Lifting and hoisting: Wire ropes are used dynamically for lifting and hoisting in cranes and elevators, and for transmission of mechanical power.
- Structures: Static wire ropes are used to support structures such as suspension bridges or as guy wires to support towers.
- Transportation: Cables support and move elevators, cable cars, ski lifts, and aerial tramways.
- Control linkages: Wire rope is also used to transmit force in mechanisms, such as a Bowden cable or the control surfaces of an airplane.
The terms overlap. An ANSI overview notes that cable and wire rope often are used interchangeably, although technically “cable” usually refers to smaller sizes.
How Cables Come Together in a Commercial Building
A single office, warehouse, or retail site contains several separate cable systems. Each serves a different use and is often installed by a different trade.
| System | Main cable types | Typically installed by |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical power | Building wire, feeders, MV cable | Licensed electrician |
| Data network | Cat6, Cat6A, fiber | Low voltage cabling contractor |
| Wi-Fi | Cat6A to access points | Low voltage cabling contractor |
| Phones | Cat6 with PoE | Low voltage cabling contractor |
| Security cameras | Cat6 / Cat6A with PoE, fiber for long runs | Low voltage or security contractor |
| Access control | Composite access control cable, Cat6 | Low voltage or security contractor |
| Fire alarm | Fire-rated FPL cable | Fire alarm or electrical contractor |
| AV and signage | Cat6, HDBaseT, coax | AV or low voltage contractor |
| HVAC and building controls | Shielded control cable | Controls contractor |
| Elevators | Wire rope, traveling cables | Elevator contractor |
These systems must be coordinated. Low voltage cables generally must be separated from power wiring. Cables and conductors of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall not be placed in any cable, cable tray, compartment, enclosure, manhole, outlet box, device box, raceway, or similar fitting with conductors of electric light, power, Class 1, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits unless specific exceptions apply.
If you are planning data, Wi-Fi, security, or low voltage cabling in Carson, Long Beach, or the greater Los Angeles area, see our [Network Cabling Company Carson CA](INTERNAL LINK) and [Commercial Network Cabling Company in Carson, CA](INTERNAL LINK) pages.
How to Choose the Right Cable
Choosing the right cable for any job starts with a few key questions:
- What is the cable’s job? Power, data, video, control, safety, or mechanical load.
- How much power or bandwidth does it need to carry? This drives conductor size, category, or fiber grade.
- How far does it need to go? Distance limits vary widely, from a few meters for USB to kilometers for fiber.
- Where will it be installed? Plenum ceilings, risers, outdoor runs, and underground paths require specific jacket ratings.
- What codes apply? Electrical, fire alarm, and communications cables follow different NEC articles and local rules.
- Who should install it? Match each system to a licensed, qualified contractor.
Common Mistakes and Misconceptions
“A cable is a cable.” Power, data, control, and mechanical cables are built for very different jobs and are not interchangeable.
Using indoor cable outdoors. Standard indoor jackets can break down from sunlight and moisture.
Ignoring fire ratings. Plenum and riser spaces require properly rated cable for both communications and fire alarm systems.
Mixing power and low voltage in the same pathway. Code generally requires separation to prevent hazards and interference.
Assuming wireless eliminates cabling. Wi-Fi access points, cameras, and most building systems still depend on cable.
Cabling each system separately without coordination. Uncoordinated trades can lead to crowded pathways, duplicate runs, and costly rework.
Buying the cheapest cable. Poor-quality or mislabeled cable can fail inspection, testing, or in service.
Future Trends
- More power over data cables. PoE continues to expand to lighting, displays, and sensors.
- Converged buildings. More building systems share one structured cabling infrastructure.
- Fiber growth. Data centers, AI workloads, and faster networks are driving demand for more fiber.
- Subsea expansion. TeleGeography notes that the value of new submarine cables planned to enter service from 2026-2029 exceeds $16 billion.
- Electrification. EV charging, renewable energy, and battery storage are increasing demand for power cable.
Key Takeaways
- Cables deliver power, carry data, connect the internet, and run control, safety, and security systems.
- Power cables range from appliance cords to high-voltage transmission lines.
- Ethernet and fiber carry most business data, while USB and Thunderbolt connect nearby devices.
- Submarine fiber cables carry global internet traffic across more than 1.5 million kilometers.
- Fire alarm, access control, and camera systems use specialized, often code-rated cable.
- PoE lets one cable carry both power and data.
- Mechanical steel cables support bridges and lift elevators, cranes, and cable cars.
- Commercial buildings combine many cable systems that must be coordinated and installed by qualified trades.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the uses of cables?
Cables are used to transmit electrical power, carry data and communications, deliver internet and phone service, run audio and video systems, control equipment, support fire alarm and security systems, and, in mechanical form, lift and support loads.
What are the main types of cables?
The main types are power cables, communication and data cables (such as Ethernet, fiber, and coax), control and instrumentation cables, and mechanical cables like steel wire rope.
What cables are used in a commercial building?
A typical commercial building uses power wiring, Ethernet and fiber for networking, fire alarm cable, access control and security cable, AV cable, building control cable, and elevator cables.
What is the difference between a cable and a wire?
A wire is a single conductor. A cable is two or more wires, or other elements such as optical fibers, bundled together inside a protective jacket.
What cables carry the internet?
Fiber optic cables carry most internet traffic, from submarine cables between continents to backbone links between cities. Inside buildings, Ethernet and Wi-Fi connect devices.
Can one cable carry both power and data?
Yes. Power over Ethernet sends power and data over the same twisted pair cable, and USB-C can charge devices while transferring data.
What are mechanical cables used for?
Mechanical cables, or wire rope, are used in elevators, cranes, suspension bridges, cable cars, ski lifts, and control linkages in aircraft and machinery.
Who should install building cables?
Electricians install power wiring, while licensed low voltage or specialty contractors install data, security, fire alarm, and control cabling. Each system follows its own code requirements.